ArduIMU based Quad Rotor Copter with an on board surveillance camera.It has an on chip accelerometer and a gyro on the IMU and an additional magnetometer for stabilization.
Arduino is an open-source single-board microcontroller, descendant of the open-source Wiring platform,[1][2] designed to make the process of using electronics in multidisciplinary projects more accessible. The hardware consists of a simple open hardware design for the Arduino board with an Atmel AVR processor and on-board input/output support. The software consists of a standard programming language compiler and the boot loader that runs on the board.[3]
Arduino hardware is programmed using a Wiring-based language (syntax and libraries), similar to C++ with some slight simplifications and modifications, and a Processing-based integrated development environment.[3]
Current versions can be purchased pre-assembled; hardware design information is available for those who would like to assemble an Arduino by hand. Additionally, variations of the Italian-made Arduino—with varying levels of compatibility—have been released by third parties; some of them are programmed using the Arduino software.
The Arduino project received an honorary mention in the Digital Communities category at the 2006 Prix Ars Electronica.[4
In 2005, in Ivrea, Italy (main site of the computer company Olivetti), a project was initiated to make a device for controlling student-built interaction design projects with less expense than with other prototyping systems available at the time. Founders Massimo Banzi and David Cuartielles named the project after Arduin of Ivrea, the main historical character of the town.[6] "Arduino" is also an Italian masculine first name, meaning "brave friend".[7]
The Arduino project is a fork of the open-source Wiring Platform. Colombian artist and programmer Hernando Barragán created Wiring as a master's thesis at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea under the supervision of Massimo Banzi and Casey Reas. Wiring was based on Processing and its integrated development environment which had been created by Casey Reas and Ben Fry.[8]
“
Arduino was built around the Wiring project of Hernando Barragan. Wiring was Hernando's thesis project at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea. It was intended to be an electronic version of Processing that used our programming environment and was patterned after the Processing syntax. It was supervised by myself and Massimo Banzi, an Arduino founder. I don't think Arduino would exist without Wiring and I don't think Wiring would exist without Processing. And I know Processing would certainly not exist without Design By Numbers and John Maeda.[1]
”
As of May 2011, more than 300,000 Arduino units were "in the wild". [9] Felipe of baligena.com calls it "the next wave of computing for the 21st century".
The original Arduino hardware is manufactured by the Italian company Smart Projects.[18] Some Arduino-branded boards have been designed by the American company SparkFun Electronics.[citation needed]
Fourteen versions of the Arduino hardware have been commercially produced to date:[3] 1.The Serial Arduino, programmed with a DE-9 serial connection and using an ATmega8 2.The Arduino Extreme, with a USB interface for programming and using an ATmega8 3.The Arduino Mini, a miniature version of the Arduino using a surface-mounted ATmega168 4.The Arduino Nano, an even smaller, USB powered version of the Arduino using a surface-mounted ATmega168 (ATmega328 for newer version) 5.The LilyPad Arduino, a minimalist design for wearable application using a surface-mounted ATmega168 6.The Arduino NG, with a USB interface for programming and using an ATmega8 7.The Arduino NG plus, with a USB interface for programming and using an ATmega168 8.The Arduino Bluetooth, with a Bluetooth interface for programming using an ATmega168 9.The Arduino Diecimila, with a USB interface and utilizes an ATmega168 in a DIL28 package (pictured) 10.The Arduino Duemilanove ("2009"), using the ATmega168 (ATmega328 for newer version) and powered via USB/DC power, switching automatically 11.The Arduino Mega, using a surface-mounted ATmega1280 for additional I/O and memory.[19] 12.The Arduino Uno, uses the same ATmega328 as late-model Duemilanove, but whereas the Duemilanove used an FTDI chipset for USB, the Uno uses an ATmega8U2 programmed as a serial converter. 13.The Arduino Mega2560, uses a surface-mounted ATmega2560, bringing the total memory to 256 kB. It also incorporates the new ATmega8U2 (ATmega16U2 in revision 3) USB chipset. 14.The Arduino Leonardo, with an ATmega32U4 chip that eliminates the need for USB connection and can be used as a virtual keyboard or mouse. It was released at the Maker Faire Bay Area 2012.
Thank you for the valuable insights. You can further post about the stuff you are currently working on and help out people who really are interested in making a quadcopter.
Most multirotors with a modest payload will find 15 minutes to be an achievable target with the right size battery. Longer flights become exponentially harder for a given payload. In theory large, slow rotors are inferior for control, but superior for efficiency. The size of a helicopter's rotor makes it potentially a lot more efficient, but the fact that it has to be variable pitch cuts it back down.
Competitive endurance runs tend to be in the 45-90 minute range
Advances in radio controlled models have made it possible for model aircraft to conduct low-altitude aerial photography. This has benefited real-estate advertising, where commercial and residential properties are the photographic subject. Full-size, manned aircraft are prohibited from low flights above populated locations.[9] Small scale model aircraft offer increased photographic access to these previously restricted areas. Miniature vehicles do not replace full size aircraft, as full size aircraft are capable of longer flight times, higher altitudes, and greater equipment payloads. They are, however, useful in any situation in which a full-scale aircraft would be dangerous to operate. Examples would include the inspection of transformers atop power transmission lines and slow, low-level flight over agricultural fields, both of which can be accomplished by a large-scale radio controlled helicopter. Professional-grade, gyroscopically stabilized camera platforms are available for use under such a model; a large model helicopter with a 26cc gasoline engine can hoist a payload of approximately seven kilograms (15 lbs).
Recent (2006) FAA regulations grounding all commercial RC model flights have been upgraded to require formal FAA certification before permission to fly at any altitude in USA.
In Australia Civil Aviation Safety Regulation 101 (CASR 101) [10] allows for commercial use of radio control aircraft. Under these regulations radio controlled unmanned aircraft for commercial are referred to as Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), where as radio controlled aircraft for recreational purposes are referred to as model aircraft. Under CASR 101, businesses/persons operating radio controlled aircraft commercially are required to hold an Operator Certificate, just like manned aircraft operators. Pilots of radio controlled aircraft operating commercially are also required to be licenced by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) [11]. Whilst a small UAS and model aircraft may actually be identical, unlike model aircraft, a UAS may enter controlled airspace with approval, and operate within close proximity to an aerodrome.
Due to a number of illegal operators in Australia making false claims of being approved, CASA published and maintains of approved UAS operators [12]
UAS (also known as drones) are hot topics for the media. Numerous stories have been published about approved operators such as COPTERCAM [1] providing aerial photography services too low for manned aircraft, and too high for pole cameras [13]. According to an article published by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI)[14], approved operators like COPTERCAM have become leaders in the aerial photography industry in a relatively short period of time.
Because anything capable of being viewed from a public space is considered outside the realm of privacy in the United States, aerial photography may legally document features and occurrences on private property
Based on the popular and already well supported KK Control board, the Hobbyking Multi-Rotor control board is bringing Multi-Rotor madness to the masses with its breakthroughs in quality and price!
The HobbyKing Multi-Rotor control board uses Japanese Murata piezo gyros that are less sensitive to vibration than SMD type gyros and also features state of the art SMT manufacturing to ensure quality. This board also uses a user programmable Atmega328PA IC.
Specs. Size: 50.5mm x 50.5mm x 23.5mm Weight: 14.5 gram IC: Atmega328 PA Gyro: Murata Piezo Input Voltage: 3.3-5.5V Signal from Receiver: 1520us (4 channels) Signal to ESC: 1520us
Whats is a Multi-Rotor Control board you ask?
The HobbyKing Multi-Rotor controller is a flight control board for multi-rotor Aircraft (Tricopters, Quadcopters, Hexcopters). Its purpose is to stabilise the aircraft during flight. To do this it takes the signal from the three on board gyros (roll, pitch and yaw) then passes the signal to the Atmega328PA IC. The Atmega328PA IC unit then processes these signals according the users installed software and passes control signals to the installed Electronic Speed Controllers (ESCs). These signals instruct the ESCs to make fine adjustments to the motors rotational speed which in turn stabilises your multi-rotor craft.
The HobbyKing Multi-Rotor control board also uses signals from your radio systems receiver (Rx) and passes these signals to the Atmega328PA IC via the ail, ele, thr and rud inputs. Once this information has been processed the IC will send varying signals to the ESCs which in turn adjust the rotational speed of each motor to induce controlled flight (up, down, backwards, forwards, left, right, yaw).
thank you for letting me join ur blog
ReplyDeleteArduino is an open-source single-board microcontroller, descendant of the open-source Wiring platform,[1][2] designed to make the process of using electronics in multidisciplinary projects more accessible. The hardware consists of a simple open hardware design for the Arduino board with an Atmel AVR processor and on-board input/output support. The software consists of a standard programming language compiler and the boot loader that runs on the board.[3]
ReplyDeleteArduino hardware is programmed using a Wiring-based language (syntax and libraries), similar to C++ with some slight simplifications and modifications, and a Processing-based integrated development environment.[3]
Current versions can be purchased pre-assembled; hardware design information is available for those who would like to assemble an Arduino by hand. Additionally, variations of the Italian-made Arduino—with varying levels of compatibility—have been released by third parties; some of them are programmed using the Arduino software.
The Arduino project received an honorary mention in the Digital Communities category at the 2006 Prix Ars Electronica.[4
History
ReplyDeleteIn 2005, in Ivrea, Italy (main site of the computer company Olivetti), a project was initiated to make a device for controlling student-built interaction design projects with less expense than with other prototyping systems available at the time. Founders Massimo Banzi and David Cuartielles named the project after Arduin of Ivrea, the main historical character of the town.[6] "Arduino" is also an Italian masculine first name, meaning "brave friend".[7]
The Arduino project is a fork of the open-source Wiring Platform. Colombian artist and programmer Hernando Barragán created Wiring as a master's thesis at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea under the supervision of Massimo Banzi and Casey Reas. Wiring was based on Processing and its integrated development environment which had been created by Casey Reas and Ben Fry.[8]
“
Arduino was built around the Wiring project of Hernando Barragan. Wiring was Hernando's thesis project at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea. It was intended to be an electronic version of Processing that used our programming environment and was patterned after the Processing syntax. It was supervised by myself and Massimo Banzi, an Arduino founder. I don't think Arduino would exist without Wiring and I don't think Wiring would exist without Processing. And I know Processing would certainly not exist without Design By Numbers and John Maeda.[1]
”
As of May 2011, more than 300,000 Arduino units were "in the wild". [9] Felipe of baligena.com calls it "the next wave of computing for the 21st century".
The original Arduino hardware is manufactured by the Italian company Smart Projects.[18] Some Arduino-branded boards have been designed by the American company SparkFun Electronics.[citation needed]
ReplyDeleteFourteen versions of the Arduino hardware have been commercially produced to date:[3]
1.The Serial Arduino, programmed with a DE-9 serial connection and using an ATmega8
2.The Arduino Extreme, with a USB interface for programming and using an ATmega8
3.The Arduino Mini, a miniature version of the Arduino using a surface-mounted ATmega168
4.The Arduino Nano, an even smaller, USB powered version of the Arduino using a surface-mounted ATmega168 (ATmega328 for newer version)
5.The LilyPad Arduino, a minimalist design for wearable application using a surface-mounted ATmega168
6.The Arduino NG, with a USB interface for programming and using an ATmega8
7.The Arduino NG plus, with a USB interface for programming and using an ATmega168
8.The Arduino Bluetooth, with a Bluetooth interface for programming using an ATmega168
9.The Arduino Diecimila, with a USB interface and utilizes an ATmega168 in a DIL28 package (pictured)
10.The Arduino Duemilanove ("2009"), using the ATmega168 (ATmega328 for newer version) and powered via USB/DC power, switching automatically
11.The Arduino Mega, using a surface-mounted ATmega1280 for additional I/O and memory.[19]
12.The Arduino Uno, uses the same ATmega328 as late-model Duemilanove, but whereas the Duemilanove used an FTDI chipset for USB, the Uno uses an ATmega8U2 programmed as a serial converter.
13.The Arduino Mega2560, uses a surface-mounted ATmega2560, bringing the total memory to 256 kB. It also incorporates the new ATmega8U2 (ATmega16U2 in revision 3) USB chipset.
14.The Arduino Leonardo, with an ATmega32U4 chip that eliminates the need for USB connection and can be used as a virtual keyboard or mouse. It was released at the Maker Faire Bay Area 2012.
Thank you for the valuable insights. You can further post about the stuff you are currently working on and help out people who really are interested in making a quadcopter.
ReplyDelete
ReplyDeleteMost multirotors with a modest payload will find 15 minutes to be an achievable target with the right size battery. Longer flights become exponentially harder for a given payload. In theory large, slow rotors are inferior for control, but superior for efficiency. The size of a helicopter's rotor makes it potentially a lot more efficient, but the fact that it has to be variable pitch cuts it back down.
Competitive endurance runs tend to be in the 45-90 minute range
Advances in radio controlled models have made it possible for model aircraft to conduct low-altitude aerial photography. This has benefited real-estate advertising, where commercial and residential properties are the photographic subject. Full-size, manned aircraft are prohibited from low flights above populated locations.[9] Small scale model aircraft offer increased photographic access to these previously restricted areas. Miniature vehicles do not replace full size aircraft, as full size aircraft are capable of longer flight times, higher altitudes, and greater equipment payloads. They are, however, useful in any situation in which a full-scale aircraft would be dangerous to operate. Examples would include the inspection of transformers atop power transmission lines and slow, low-level flight over agricultural fields, both of which can be accomplished by a large-scale radio controlled helicopter. Professional-grade, gyroscopically stabilized camera platforms are available for use under such a model; a large model helicopter with a 26cc gasoline engine can hoist a payload of approximately seven kilograms (15 lbs).
ReplyDeleteRecent (2006) FAA regulations grounding all commercial RC model flights have been upgraded to require formal FAA certification before permission to fly at any altitude in USA.
In Australia Civil Aviation Safety Regulation 101 (CASR 101) [10] allows for commercial use of radio control aircraft. Under these regulations radio controlled unmanned aircraft for commercial are referred to as Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), where as radio controlled aircraft for recreational purposes are referred to as model aircraft. Under CASR 101, businesses/persons operating radio controlled aircraft commercially are required to hold an Operator Certificate, just like manned aircraft operators. Pilots of radio controlled aircraft operating commercially are also required to be licenced by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) [11]. Whilst a small UAS and model aircraft may actually be identical, unlike model aircraft, a UAS may enter controlled airspace with approval, and operate within close proximity to an aerodrome.
Due to a number of illegal operators in Australia making false claims of being approved, CASA published and maintains of approved UAS operators [12]
UAS (also known as drones) are hot topics for the media. Numerous stories have been published about approved operators such as COPTERCAM [1] providing aerial photography services too low for manned aircraft, and too high for pole cameras [13]. According to an article published by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI)[14], approved operators like COPTERCAM have become leaders in the aerial photography industry in a relatively short period of time.
Because anything capable of being viewed from a public space is considered outside the realm of privacy in the United States, aerial photography may legally document features and occurrences on private property
Based on the popular and already well supported KK Control board, the Hobbyking Multi-Rotor control board is bringing Multi-Rotor madness to the masses with its breakthroughs in quality and price!
ReplyDeleteThe HobbyKing Multi-Rotor control board uses Japanese Murata piezo gyros that are less sensitive to vibration than SMD type gyros and also features state of the art SMT manufacturing to ensure quality. This board also uses a user programmable Atmega328PA IC.
Specs.
Size: 50.5mm x 50.5mm x 23.5mm
Weight: 14.5 gram
IC: Atmega328 PA
Gyro: Murata Piezo
Input Voltage: 3.3-5.5V
Signal from Receiver: 1520us (4 channels)
Signal to ESC: 1520us
Whats is a Multi-Rotor Control board you ask?
The HobbyKing Multi-Rotor controller is a flight control board for multi-rotor Aircraft (Tricopters, Quadcopters, Hexcopters). Its purpose is to stabilise the aircraft during flight. To do this it takes the signal from the three on board gyros (roll, pitch and yaw) then passes the signal to the Atmega328PA IC. The Atmega328PA IC unit then processes these signals according the users installed software and passes control signals to the installed Electronic Speed Controllers (ESCs). These signals instruct the ESCs to make fine adjustments to the motors rotational speed which in turn stabilises your multi-rotor craft.
The HobbyKing Multi-Rotor control board also uses signals from your radio systems receiver (Rx) and passes these signals to the Atmega328PA IC via the ail, ele, thr and rud inputs. Once this information has been processed the IC will send varying signals to the ESCs which in turn adjust the rotational speed of each motor to induce controlled flight (up, down, backwards, forwards, left, right, yaw).
http://www.futurlec.com/Radio.shtml
ReplyDeleteI think you have to post these stuff....then only people would be able to read about this. Rite now you just adding on to comments.
ReplyDelete